Research on the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi Programs

12 papers found

• 1981· Empirical· Collected Papers Vol. 3
  Walton, K. G.; Lerom, M.; Salerno, J.; and Wallace, R. K. Practice of the Transcendental Meditation (TM) and TM-Sidhi Program may affect the circadian rhythm of urinary 5-hydroxyindole excretion. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 7: 48, 1981.

  A consistent rise in urinary 5-hydroxyindole excretion was noted to occur as a result of the practice of the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program, reflecting alterations in serotonergic activity either peripherally or in the central nervous system.

  • Biochemical: Increased Urinary 5-Hydroxyindole Levels
• 1996· Hypertension· Empirical· Collected Papers Vol. 6
  Alexander, C. N.; Schneider, R. H.; Staggers, F; Sheppard, W.; Clayborne, B. M.; Rainforth, M.; Salerno, J.; Kondwani, K.; Smith, S.; Walton, K. G.; and Egan, B. Trial of stress reduction for hypertension in older African Americans: II. Sex and risk subgroup analysis. Hypertension 28: 228–237, 1996.

  This study found that the Transcendental Meditation program reduced high systolic and diastolic blood pressure among all subgroups of hypertensive patients—both men and women, and both high and low psychosocial stress subjects—in contrast to control subjects. Those participating in the Transcendental Meditation program, irrespective of their subgroup on five other risk measures for high blood pressure—obesity, alcohol use, physical inactivity, dietary sodium-potassium intake, and an overall index of all risk factors—also showed reduction of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in comparison to control subjects.

  • Health—Cardiovascular: Reduction of High Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure Found for both Men and Women, and both High and Low Psychosocial Stress Subjects who Learned the Transcendental Meditation program
  • Health—Cardiovascular: Reduction of High Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure Irrespective of Score on Five Other Measures of Risk for High Blood Pressure—Obesity, Alcohol Use, Physical Inactivity, Dietary Sodium-Potassium Intake, and Index of All Risk Factors Combined
• 1996· The American Journal of Cardiology· Empirical· Collected Papers Vol. 6
  Zamarra, J.W.; Schneider, R. H.; Besseghini, I.; Robinson, D. K.; and Salerno, J. W. Usefulness of the Transcendental Meditation program in the treatment of patients with coronary artery disease. The American Journal of Cardiology 77: 867–870, 1996.

  Patients with coronary artery disease who learned the Transcendental Meditation program showed in contrast to controls improved cardiovascular functioning—greater exercise tolerance, higher maximal workload, delayed onset of ST-segment depression, and decreases in rate-pressure product during exercise.

  • Health—Cardiovascular: Improved Exercise Tolerance—Increased Exercise Duration in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
  • Health—Cardiovascular: Increased Maximal Workload in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
  • Health—Cardiovascular: Greater Delay of Onset of ST Depression During Exercise in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
  • + 1 more findings
• 1997· International Journal of Neuroscience· Empirical· Collected Papers Vol. 7
  Wenneberg, S. R.; Schneider, R. H.; Walton, K. G.; Maclean C. R.; Levitsky, D. K.; Salerno, J. W.; Wallace, R. K.; Mandarino, J. V.; Rainforth, M. V.; and Waziri, R. A controlled study of the effects of the Transcendental Meditation program on cardiovascular reactivity and ambulatory blood pressure. International Journal of Neuroscience 89: 15–28, 1997.

  Individuals randomly assigned to learn the Transcendental Meditation program showed a significant reduction of average ambulatory diastolic blood pressure over a period of four months in contrast to control subjects randomly assigned to participate in a stress education program.

  • Health—Cardiovascular: Reduction in Ambulatory Diastolic Blood Pressure
• 1998· Psychosomatic Medicine· Empirical· Collected Papers Vol. 7
  Schneider, R. H.; Nidich, S. I.; Salerno, J. W.; Sharma, H. M.; Robinson, C. E.; Nidich, R. J.; and Alexander, C. N. Lower lipid peroxide levels in practitioners of the Transcendental Meditation program. Psychosomatic Medicine 60: 38–41, 1998.

  Elderly participants in the Transcendental Meditation program displayed significantly lower serum levels of lipid peroxides in comparison to controls. Other research has found oxidative stress (free radical activity) to be associated with the aging process, and the lower lipid peroxide levels found in this study may be an indicator of more healthy physiological aging.

  • Biochemical: Lower Level of Plasma Lipid Peroxides
• 2000· Stroke· Empirical· Collected Papers Vol. 7
  Castillo-Richmond, A.; Schneider, R. H.; Alexander, C. N.; Cook, R.; Myers, H.; Nidich, S.; Haney, C.; Rainforth, M.; and Salerno, J. Effects of stress reduction on carotid atherosclerosis in hypertensive African Americans. Stroke 31: 568–573, 2000.

  Hypertensive individuals randomly assigned to learn the Transcendental Meditation program, in contrast to a health education control group, displayed significant reduction of carotid intima-media thickness over a six to nine month period.

  • Health—Cardiovascular: Reduced Carotid Atherosclerosis
• 2002· Behavioral Medicine· Research Review· Collected Papers Vol. 7
  Walton, Kenneth G.; Schneider, Robert H.; Nidich, Sanford I.; Salerno, John W.; Nordstrom, Cheryl K.; and Merz, C. Noel Bairey. Psychosocial stress and cardiovascular disease. Part 2: Effectiveness of the Transcendental Meditation program in treatment and prevention. Behavioral Medicine 28: 106–123, 2002.

  The authors review research on the Transcendental Meditation program indicating reduction of physiological indicators of stress, and demonstrating reduction of cardiovascular risk factors, morbidity, and mortality.

  • Review Paper—Health: Research Review—Reduced Stress and Reduced Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Morbidity, and Mortality
• 2005· American Journal of Hypertension· Empirical· Collected Papers Vol. 7
  Schneider, R.H.; Alexander C.N.; Staggers, F.; Orme-Johnson, D.W.; Rainforth, M.; Salerno, J.W.; Sheppard, W.; Castillo-Richmond, A.; Barnes, V.A.; Nidich, S.I. A randomized controlled trial of stress reduction in African Americans treated for hypertension for over one year. American Journal of Hypertension 18: 88–98, 2005.

  Individuals with hypertension who learned the Transcendental Meditation program showed significantly greater reduction of diastolic blood pressure, as well as reduced hypertensive medication, in contrast to muscle relaxation control group and a health education control over a one-year period.

  • Health—Cardiovascular: Decreased Diastolic Blood Pressure
  • Health—Cardiovascular: Decreased Use of Hypertensive Medication
• 2005· Journal of Social Behavior and Personality· Empirical· Collected Papers Vol. 7
  Barnes, Vernon A.; Schneider, Robert H.; Alexander, Charles N.; Rainforth, Maxwell; Salerno, John; and Staggers, Frank. Impact of the Transcendental Meditation program on mortality in older African Americans with hypertension—Eight-year follow-up. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality 17: 201–216, 2005.

  This follow-up study found that elderly individuals with hypertension who were randomly assigned to learn the Transcendental Meditation technique showed significantly reduced mortality due to cardiovascular disease after eight years, in contrast to individuals assigned to a health education control group.

  • Health—Aging: Reduced Mortality Due to Cardiovascular Disease
• 2005· The American Journal of Cardiology· Empirical· Collected Papers Vol. 7
  Schneider, R.H.; Alexander, C.N.; Staggers, F.; Rainforth, M.; Salerno, J.W.; Hartz, A.; Arndt, S.; Barnes, V.A.; and Nidich, S.I. Long-term effects of stress reduction on mortality in persons > or = 55 years of age with systemic hypertension. American Journal of Cardiology 95: 1060–1064, 2005.

  Follow-up data from two randomized controlled trials found that hypertensive individuals over age 55 who began the Transcendental Meditation program displayed lower overall mortality rate and lower cardiovascular mortality rate in comparison to controls receiving other treatments.

  • Health—Aging: Reduced Mortality Due to All Causes
  • Health—Aging: Decreased Cardiovascular Mortality Rate
• 2005· Journal of Social Behavior and Personality· Empirical· Collected Papers Vol. 7
  Nidich, Sanford I.; Schneider, Robert H.; Nidich, Randi J.; Foster, Gloria; Sharma, Hari; Salerno, John; Goodman, Rachel; and Alexander, Charles N. Effect of the Transcendental Meditation program on intellectual development in community-dwelling older adults. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality 17: 217–226, 2005.

  Elder adults participating in the Transcendental Meditation program displayed higher levels of cognitive performance than age-matched controls, independent of education level.

  • Cognitive Performance: Higher Reasoning Ability
  • Cognitive Performance: Higher Verbal Intelligence
  • Learning and Memory: Better Long-Term Memory
  • + 1 more findings
• 2005· Behavioral Medicine· Research Review· Collected Papers Vol. 7
  Walton, Kenneth G.; Schneider, Robert H.; Salerno, John W.; and Nidich, Sanford I. Psychosocial stress and cardiovascular disease. Part 3: Clinical and policy implications of research on the Transcendental Meditation program. Behavioral Medicine 30: 173–183, 2005.

  The authors review research evidence for prevention of cardiovascular disease, as well as reduction of health care expenditures related to cardiovascular disease and to other disorders; the implications of this research for health care policy are also discussed.

  • Review Paper—Health: Research Review—Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Reduced Health Care Expenditures