Research on the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi Programs

605 papers found

• 2011· Theoretical/Review· Collected Papers Vol. 6
  King, M. S. The theoretical foundations and practical validation of Maharishi’s Integrated System of Rehabilitation. Barrister and Solicitor of Western Australia and the High Court of Australia. 1993.

  This paper focuses on the contributions of the Transcendental Meditation program to resolving the broad social problems associated with addictions. The author proposes that drug and alcohol abuse are symptoms of a general stress-addiction-crime epidemic in society. The paper then reviews sociological research findings showing how societal disorder—experienced as crime, drug abuse, political conflict, and economic instability—can be substantially and cost-effectively reduced through the group practice of the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program.

  • Review Paper—Rehabilitation: Theoretical and Review Paper—Reduced Substance Abuse
• 2011· Empirical· Collected Papers Vol. 6
  Hagelin, John S.; Rainforth, Maxwell V.; Orme-Johnson, David W.; Cavanaugh, Kenneth L.; Alexander, Charles N.; Shatkin, Susan F.; Davies, John L.; Hughes, Anne O.; and Ross, Emanuel. Effects of group practice of the Transcendental Meditation program on preventing violent crime in Washington, DC: Results of the National Demonstration Project, June–July 1993. Summary.

  This study found that during a two-month period in which an increasingly large group of participants in the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program assembled in Washington, DC, there was a significant decrease in violent crime in the District of Columbia; violent crime decreased as the size of the group increased.

  • Sociological—Improved Quality of Life: Improved Quality of City Life as Measured by Decreased Violent Crime Rate in the National Capital (Washington, DC, USA, June and July, 1993)
• 2011· Empirical· Collected Papers Vol. 6
  Alvarez Roset, J. L., and Schuler, M. Implementing the Transcendental Meditation programme in the Brazilian military police forces: A case study. International Meditation Society, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in conjunction with Committee of Ayurvedic Medicine, Secretary of Medical Services, Ministry of Social Welfare, Brasilia, Brazil.

  This case study evaluated the effects of implementing the Transcendental Meditation program among the police forces of three states of Brazil. After positive results among the police were reported by leaders in Goiás state, police forces in other states began the program. Results among police trainees in Piauí state who learned the Transcendental Meditation program included a high percentage of participants reporting physical benefits, greater relaxation, less worry and tension, greater capacity for study, improved relationships, more support for their military education, and greater respect for country and organizations. In Bahia state, police officers displayed a reduction in disciplinary sanctions and doctor visits after beginning the practice, and an improvement in relationships of the officers with their community members. Police trainees in Bahia state also showed reduced disciplinary sanctions and reduced doctor visits after learning the Transcendental Meditation program.

  • Academic Performance: Enhancement of Military Education among Police Officer Trainees
  • Organizational Performance and Well-Being: Decreased Disciplinary Problems among Police Officer Trainees
  • Health—General: Decreased Doctor Visits among Police Officer Trainees
  • + 9 more findings
• 2011· Empirical· Collected Papers Vol. 6
  Belham, M. F. C. Introducing in a military academy the Transcendental Meditation program for prevention of stress. Centre for Personnel Studies, Department of Teaching and Research, Ministry of the Army, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

  This study found that military cadets who learned the Transcendental Meditation program showed increased capacity of attention, improved memory of details, increased effectiveness in executing orders, improved emotional functioning, increased physical strength, and reduced resting heart rate. In addition, military officers at the academy who learned the Transcendental Meditation program displayed increased concentration of attention, improved memory of details, and improved emotional performance.

  • Cognitive Performance: Increased Capacity of Attention among Military Cadets
  • Learning and Memory: Improved Memory of Details among Military Cadets
  • Organizational Performance and Well-Being: Increased Effectiveness in Executing Orders among Military Cadets
  • + 6 more findings
• 2011· Empirical· Collected Papers Vol. 6
  Istratov, E. N.; and Lyubimov, S. N. Comparative analysis of alpha rhythm content in spontaneous EEG activity among subjects practising the Transcendental Meditation technique. Brain Research Institute, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow.

  The practice of the Transcendental Meditation technique was found to increase restful alertness, as reflected in high frontal EEG alpha power during the practice of Transcendental Meditation, and stabilization of frontal EEG alpha power outside the practice of Transcendental Meditation.

  • Electroencephalographic: Stabilization of Frontal EEG Alpha Power Outside the Practice of the Transcendental Meditation technique
  • During the Practice—Brain Activity: High Frontal EEG Alpha Power During the Transcendental Meditation technique
• 2005· Behavioral Medicine· Research Review· Collected Papers Vol. 7
  Walton, Kenneth G.; Schneider, Robert H.; Salerno, John W.; and Nidich, Sanford I. Psychosocial stress and cardiovascular disease. Part 3: Clinical and policy implications of research on the Transcendental Meditation program. Behavioral Medicine 30: 173–183, 2005.

  The authors review research evidence for prevention of cardiovascular disease, as well as reduction of health care expenditures related to cardiovascular disease and to other disorders; the implications of this research for health care policy are also discussed.

  • Review Paper—Health: Research Review—Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Reduced Health Care Expenditures
• 2005· Journal of Social Behavior and Personality· Empirical· Collected Papers Vol. 7
  Davies, John L.; and Alexander, Charles N. Alleviating political violence through reducing collective tension: Impact assessment analyses of the Lebanon war. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality 17: 285–338, 2005.

  Seven assemblies of experts in the Transcendental Meditation Sidhi program, which were of sufficient size to have a predicted influence on Lebanon during the time of the Lebanon war during the period 1983 to 1985, were found by time series intervention analysis to be associated with significantly increased cooperation among the parties, as well as significantly decreased conflict intensity, decreased war fatalities, and decreased war injuries, and improvements in an overall index of peace based on all four of these variables.

  • Sociological—Reduced Violent Conflict: Increased Peace Index (Lebanon, Seven Periods in 1983–1985)
  • Sociological—Reduced Violent Conflict: Increased Cooperation (Lebanon, Seven Periods in 1983–1985)
  • Sociological—Reduced Violent Conflict: Decreased Conflict (Lebanon, Seven Periods in 1983–1985)
  • + 2 more findings
• 2005· Journal of Social Behavior and Personality· Empirical· Collected Papers Vol. 7
  Broome, J. Richard N.; Orme-Johnson, David W.; and Schmidt-Wilk, Jane. Worksite stress reduction through the Transcendental Meditation program. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality 17: 235–273, 2005.

  Employees who learned the Transcendental Meditation program showed decreased stress after six weeks, and decreased blood pressure after 5.5 months, in contrast to employees practicing muscle relaxation.

  • Psychological Health: Reduction in Psychological Stress
  • Health—Cardiovascular: Reduction in Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure
  • Organizational Performance and Well-Being: Improved Corporate Climate—Greater Support
  • + 1 more findings
• 2005· Empirical· Collected Papers Vol. 7
  Carlisle, Thomas W. Effects of the Transcendental Meditation program on psychological, health, social, and behavioral indicators of stress reduction and human resource development in the Indian workplace. Dissertation Abstracts International 65(12A): 4629, 2005.

  Managers who learned the Transcendental Meditation program showed decreased perceived stress, more healthy lifestyle, improved personal experiences, reduced medical symptoms, and increased self-esteem.

  • Organizational Performance and Well-Being: Decreased Perceived Stress of Managers
  • Organizational Performance and Well-Being: More Healthy Lifestyle of Managers
  • Organizational Performance and Well-Being: Improved Personal Experiences of Managers
  • + 2 more findings
• 2005· Journal of Social Behavior and Personality· Empirical· Collected Papers Vol. 7
  Chandler, Howard M.; Alexander, Charles N.; Heaton, Dennis P. The Transcendental Meditation program and postconventional self-development: A 10-year longitudinal study. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality 17: 93–121, 2005.

  Participants in the Transcendental Meditation program showed significantly increased ego development over a 10-year period in contrast to matched control groups; they also displayed increased principled moral reasoning and intimacy, thus demonstrating development in cognitive, emotional, and ego functioning.

  • Self Development: Increased Ego Development
  • Cognitive Performance: Increased Principled Moral Reasoning
  • Social Behavior: Increased Motivation for Warm Interpersonal Relationships
• 2005· Journal of Social Behavior and Personality· Empirical· Collected Papers Vol. 7
  Nidich, Sanford I.; Schneider, Robert H.; Nidich, Randi J.; Foster, Gloria; Sharma, Hari; Salerno, John; Goodman, Rachel; and Alexander, Charles N. Effect of the Transcendental Meditation program on intellectual development in community-dwelling older adults. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality 17: 217–226, 2005.

  Elder adults participating in the Transcendental Meditation program displayed higher levels of cognitive performance than age-matched controls, independent of education level.

  • Cognitive Performance: Higher Reasoning Ability
  • Cognitive Performance: Higher Verbal Intelligence
  • Learning and Memory: Better Long-Term Memory
  • + 1 more findings
• 2005· Journal of Social Behavior and Personality· Empirical· Collected Papers Vol. 7
  Dixon, Carol A.; Dillbeck, Michael C.; Travis, Frederick; Msemaje, Horus I.; Clayborne, B. Mawiyah; Dillbeck, Susan L.; Alexander, Charles N. Accelerating cognitive and self-development: Longitudinal studies with preschool and elementary school children. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality 17: 65–91, 2005.

  Two longitudinal studies of elementary school students found improvements in cognitive factors underlying performance on mental tests among students who learned the Transcendental Meditation technique, or Maharishi’s Word of Wisdom technique for those under 10 years of age.

  • Cognitive Performance: Increased General Intellectual Performance
  • Cognitive Performance: Increased Psychological Differentiation
  • Cognitive Performance: Increased Analytical Ability
  • + 1 more findings
• 2005· The American Journal of Cardiology· Empirical· Collected Papers Vol. 7
  Schneider, R.H.; Alexander, C.N.; Staggers, F.; Rainforth, M.; Salerno, J.W.; Hartz, A.; Arndt, S.; Barnes, V.A.; and Nidich, S.I. Long-term effects of stress reduction on mortality in persons > or = 55 years of age with systemic hypertension. American Journal of Cardiology 95: 1060–1064, 2005.

  Follow-up data from two randomized controlled trials found that hypertensive individuals over age 55 who began the Transcendental Meditation program displayed lower overall mortality rate and lower cardiovascular mortality rate in comparison to controls receiving other treatments.

  • Health—Aging: Reduced Mortality Due to All Causes
  • Health—Aging: Decreased Cardiovascular Mortality Rate
• 2005· Journal of Social Behavior and Personality· Empirical· Collected Papers Vol. 7
  Barnes, Vernon A.; Schneider, Robert H.; Alexander, Charles N.; Rainforth, Maxwell; Salerno, John; and Staggers, Frank. Impact of the Transcendental Meditation program on mortality in older African Americans with hypertension—Eight-year follow-up. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality 17: 201–216, 2005.

  This follow-up study found that elderly individuals with hypertension who were randomly assigned to learn the Transcendental Meditation technique showed significantly reduced mortality due to cardiovascular disease after eight years, in contrast to individuals assigned to a health education control group.

  • Health—Aging: Reduced Mortality Due to Cardiovascular Disease
• 2005· American Journal of Hypertension· Empirical· Collected Papers Vol. 7
  Schneider, R.H.; Alexander C.N.; Staggers, F.; Orme-Johnson, D.W.; Rainforth, M.; Salerno, J.W.; Sheppard, W.; Castillo-Richmond, A.; Barnes, V.A.; Nidich, S.I. A randomized controlled trial of stress reduction in African Americans treated for hypertension for over one year. American Journal of Hypertension 18: 88–98, 2005.

  Individuals with hypertension who learned the Transcendental Meditation program showed significantly greater reduction of diastolic blood pressure, as well as reduced hypertensive medication, in contrast to muscle relaxation control group and a health education control over a one-year period.

  • Health—Cardiovascular: Decreased Diastolic Blood Pressure
  • Health—Cardiovascular: Decreased Use of Hypertensive Medication
• 2004· Cardiology in Review· Research Review· Collected Papers Vol. 7
  Walton, Kenneth G.; Schneider, Robert H.; and Nidich, Sanford. Review of controlled research on the Transcendental Meditation program and cardiovascular disease. Risk factors, morbidity, and mortality. Cardiology in Review 12: 262–266, 2004.

  The authors review research on the effects of the Transcendental Meditation technique in the reduction of risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD), in reducing health problems associated with CVD, and in reducing the effects of stress on neuroendocrine functioning.

  • Review Paper—Health: Research Review—Reduced Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Normalization in Neuroendocrine Functioning
• 2004· Consciousness and Cognition· Empirical· Collected Papers Vol. 7
  Travis, Frederick; Arenander, Alarik; and DuBois, David. Psychological and physiological characteristics of a proposed object-referral/self-referral continuum of self-awareness. Consciousness and Cognition 13: 401–420, 2004.

  Participants in the Transcendental Meditation program, particularly those reporting stabilized experience of Transcendental Consciousness, displayed a more abstract definition of self, greater inner orientation, higher principled moral reasoning, lower state and trait anxiety, greater emotional stability, greater extraversion, greater agreeableness, and greater openness to experience, as well as higher scores on a consciousness factor derived from multiple personality tests.

  • Self Development: Stabilized Pure Consciousness Associated with Subjective Description of Self as Underlying Thought, Feeling and Action (Self-Referral Mode)
  • Self Development: Higher Scores on a Consciousness Factor of Personality Variables
  • Self Development: Greater Inner Orientation
  • + 7 more findings
• 2004· Empirical· Collected Papers Vol. 7
  Sakairi, Yosuke. Development of a scale for measuring cognitive styles modified by meditation. Summary of a paper published in The relevance of the wisdom traditions in contemporary society: The challenge to psychology, Blows, M.; Srinivasan S.; Blows, J.; Bankart, P.; DelMonte, M.; and Haruki, Y. (Eds.); Delft: Eburon Publishers, 2004, pp. 199–208.

  A cross-sectional study identified cognitive styles associated with regular practice of the Transcendental Meditation technique; and a second factor analytic study built on these findings to construct a Scale of Meditation-related Cognitive Styles. The third study assessed reliability of the scale, and used cross-sectional and longitudinal measurements to confirm the validity of the scale by finding that participants in the Transcendental Meditation program show higher or increased values on the scale, particularly as indicated by increased flexibility and increased receptiveness.

  • Psychological Health: Greater Happy-Go-Lucky Attribution (Good Fortune)
  • Psychological Health: Longitudinally Increased Flexibility
  • Psychological Health: Longitudinally Increased Receptiveness (Objectiveness and Positive Orientation)
  • + 2 more findings
• 2004· American Journal of Hypertension· Empirical· Collected Papers Vol. 7
  Barnes, V.A.; Treiber, F.A.; Johnson, M.H. Impact of Transcendental Meditation on ambulatory blood pressure in African-American adolescents. American Journal of Hypertension 17: 366–369, 2004.

  Adolescents with high normal blood pressure who were randomly assigned to learn the Transcendental Meditation program, in contrast to a health education control group, showed greater decreases of ambulatory systolic and diastolic blood pressure over a four-month period.

  • Health—Cardiovascular: Reduction of High Blood Pressure During Daily Activity
• 2004· Annals of the New York Academy of Science· Empirical· Collected Papers Vol. 7
  Walton, K.G.; Fields, J.Z.; Levitsky, D.K.; Harris, D.A.; Pugh, N.D.; and Schneider, R.H. Lowering cortisol and CVD risk in postmenopausal women: A pilot study using the Transcendental Meditation program. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1032: 211–215, 2004.

  Older women participating in the Transcendental Meditation program were found to have reduced cortisol response to a metabolic stressor, in contrast to matched control subjects. Length of time participating in the Transcendental Meditation program was also found to be correlated with lower cardiovascular risk factors among this group.

  • Response to Stress: Lower Cortisol Response to Stress
  • Health—Cardiovascular: Lower Levels of Cardiovascular Risk Factors Correlated with Length of Practice of Transcendental Meditation