Research on the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi Programs

9 papers found

• 1996· Circulation· Empirical· Collected Papers Vol. 6
  Alexander, C.; Barnes, V.; Schneider, R.; Langer, E.; Newman, R.; Chandler, H.; Davies, J.; and Rainforth, M. A randomized controlled trial of stress reduction on cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in the elderly: Results of 8 year and 15 year follow-ups. Circulation 93: 629, 1996 (Abstract).

  This long-term follow-up study found that elderly persons who had learned the Transcendental Meditation program showed significantly increased longevity, compared to those randomly assigned to participate in other programs. Those who had learned the Transcendental Meditation program also showed less cardiovascular mortality.

  • Health—Aging: Increased Longevity (Higher Survival Rate)
  • Health—Aging: Higher Survival Rate Among Those with Cardiovascular Mortality
• 1997· Journal of the National Medical Association· Research Review· Collected Papers Vol. 7
  Barnes, Vernon; Schneider, Robert; Alexander, Charles; and Staggers, Frank. Stress, stress reduction, and hypertension in African Americans: An updated review. Journal of the National Medical Association 89: 464–476, 1997.

  The authors review research on the causes of high levels of hypertension in African Americans, and studies indicating that the Transcendental Meditation technique reduces stress and hypertension.

  • Review Paper—Health: Research Review—Effects of Transcendental Meditation on Behavioral Stress Reduction and Hypertension
• 1999· Psychosomatic Medicine· Empirical· Collected Papers Vol. 7
  Barnes, V. A.; Treiber, F. A.; Turner, J. R.; Davis, H.; and Strong, W. B. Acute effects of Transcendental Meditation on hemodynamic functioning in middle-aged adults. Psychosomatic Medicine 61: 525–531, 1999.

  Individuals practicing the Transcendental Meditation technique showed reduced systolic blood pressure and reduced peripheral vasoconstriction (total peripheral resistance) during the practice, in contrast to controls sitting with eyes closed. The participants in the Transcendental Meditation program, in contrast to the control group, also showed reduced systolic blood pressure and reduced peripheral vasoconstriction during an eyes-open rest period prior to meditation or rest. Changes in vasoconstriction during Transcendental Meditation may be responsible for reduced blood pressure.

  • Health—Cardiovascular: Decreased Systolic Blood Pressure during Eyes-Open Rest Prior to Transcendental Meditation in Contrast to Controls
  • Health—Cardiovascular: Decreased Peripheral Vasoconstriction during Eyes-Open Rest Prior to Transcendental Meditation in Contrast to Controls
  • During the Practice—Cardiovascular: Decreased Systolic Blood Pressure during the Transcendental Meditation technique
  • + 1 more findings
• 2001· Journal of Psychosomatic Research· Empirical· Collected Papers Vol. 7
  Barnes, V. A.; Treiber, F. A.; and Davis, H. Impact of Transcendental Meditation on cardiovascular function at rest and during acute stress in adolescents with high normal blood pressure. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 51: 597–605, 2001.

  Adolescents with high normal blood pressure who were randomly assigned to learn the Transcendental Meditation program, in contrast to a health education control group, showed a significant reduction of resting systolic blood pressure over two months as well as reduction in stress reactivity of systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and cardiac output.

  • Health—Cardiovascular: Decreased Resting Systolic Blood Pressure
  • Health—Cardiovascular: Calmer Response to Stress, as Measured by Systolic Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, and Cardiac Output Reactivity
• 2003· Health and Quality of Life Outcomes· Empirical· Collected Papers Vol. 7
  Barnes, Vernon A.; Bauza, Lynnette B.; and Treiber, Frank A. Impact of stress reduction on negative school behavior in adolescents. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 1: 10, 2003.

  This random assignment study found that adolescent students who learned the Transcendental Meditation technique, and participated in daily group practice, showed decreased absenteeism, reduced school rule infractions, and fewer suspension days due to behavior problems, in contrast to control students who participated in a health education course for an equivalent amount of time each day.

  • Academic Performance: Reduction of Absentee Periods
  • Academic Performance: Decrease in School Rule Infractions
  • Academic Performance: Reduction in Suspension Days
• 2004· American Journal of Hypertension· Empirical· Collected Papers Vol. 7
  Barnes, V.A.; Treiber, F.A.; Johnson, M.H. Impact of Transcendental Meditation on ambulatory blood pressure in African-American adolescents. American Journal of Hypertension 17: 366–369, 2004.

  Adolescents with high normal blood pressure who were randomly assigned to learn the Transcendental Meditation program, in contrast to a health education control group, showed greater decreases of ambulatory systolic and diastolic blood pressure over a four-month period.

  • Health—Cardiovascular: Reduction of High Blood Pressure During Daily Activity
• 2005· American Journal of Hypertension· Empirical· Collected Papers Vol. 7
  Schneider, R.H.; Alexander C.N.; Staggers, F.; Orme-Johnson, D.W.; Rainforth, M.; Salerno, J.W.; Sheppard, W.; Castillo-Richmond, A.; Barnes, V.A.; Nidich, S.I. A randomized controlled trial of stress reduction in African Americans treated for hypertension for over one year. American Journal of Hypertension 18: 88–98, 2005.

  Individuals with hypertension who learned the Transcendental Meditation program showed significantly greater reduction of diastolic blood pressure, as well as reduced hypertensive medication, in contrast to muscle relaxation control group and a health education control over a one-year period.

  • Health—Cardiovascular: Decreased Diastolic Blood Pressure
  • Health—Cardiovascular: Decreased Use of Hypertensive Medication
• 2005· Journal of Social Behavior and Personality· Empirical· Collected Papers Vol. 7
  Barnes, Vernon A.; Schneider, Robert H.; Alexander, Charles N.; Rainforth, Maxwell; Salerno, John; and Staggers, Frank. Impact of the Transcendental Meditation program on mortality in older African Americans with hypertension—Eight-year follow-up. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality 17: 201–216, 2005.

  This follow-up study found that elderly individuals with hypertension who were randomly assigned to learn the Transcendental Meditation technique showed significantly reduced mortality due to cardiovascular disease after eight years, in contrast to individuals assigned to a health education control group.

  • Health—Aging: Reduced Mortality Due to Cardiovascular Disease
• 2005· The American Journal of Cardiology· Empirical· Collected Papers Vol. 7
  Schneider, R.H.; Alexander, C.N.; Staggers, F.; Rainforth, M.; Salerno, J.W.; Hartz, A.; Arndt, S.; Barnes, V.A.; and Nidich, S.I. Long-term effects of stress reduction on mortality in persons > or = 55 years of age with systemic hypertension. American Journal of Cardiology 95: 1060–1064, 2005.

  Follow-up data from two randomized controlled trials found that hypertensive individuals over age 55 who began the Transcendental Meditation program displayed lower overall mortality rate and lower cardiovascular mortality rate in comparison to controls receiving other treatments.

  • Health—Aging: Reduced Mortality Due to All Causes
  • Health—Aging: Decreased Cardiovascular Mortality Rate