Research on the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi Programs

7 papers found

• 1995· Hypertension· Empirical· Collected Papers Vol. 6
  Schneider, R. H.; Staggers, F.; Alexander, C. N.; Sheppard, W.; Rainforth, M.; Kondwani, K.; Smith, S.; and King, C. G. A randomized controlled trial of stress reduction for hypertension in older African Americans. Hypertension 26: 820–827, 1995.

  Hypertensive individuals who learned the Transcendental Meditation program displayed reductions of high systolic and diastolic blood pressure after three months, in comparison to those practicing muscle relaxation and in comparison to controls receiving education about lowering blood pressure through modifying their lifestyle.

  • Health—Cardiovascular: Reduction of High Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Subjects
• 1996· Hypertension· Empirical· Collected Papers Vol. 6
  Alexander, C. N.; Schneider, R. H.; Staggers, F; Sheppard, W.; Clayborne, B. M.; Rainforth, M.; Salerno, J.; Kondwani, K.; Smith, S.; Walton, K. G.; and Egan, B. Trial of stress reduction for hypertension in older African Americans: II. Sex and risk subgroup analysis. Hypertension 28: 228–237, 1996.

  This study found that the Transcendental Meditation program reduced high systolic and diastolic blood pressure among all subgroups of hypertensive patients—both men and women, and both high and low psychosocial stress subjects—in contrast to control subjects. Those participating in the Transcendental Meditation program, irrespective of their subgroup on five other risk measures for high blood pressure—obesity, alcohol use, physical inactivity, dietary sodium-potassium intake, and an overall index of all risk factors—also showed reduction of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in comparison to control subjects.

  • Health—Cardiovascular: Reduction of High Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure Found for both Men and Women, and both High and Low Psychosocial Stress Subjects who Learned the Transcendental Meditation program
  • Health—Cardiovascular: Reduction of High Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure Irrespective of Score on Five Other Measures of Risk for High Blood Pressure—Obesity, Alcohol Use, Physical Inactivity, Dietary Sodium-Potassium Intake, and Index of All Risk Factors Combined
• 1997· Anxiety, Stress and Coping: An International Journal· Empirical· Collected Papers Vol. 7
  Sheppard, William D.; Staggers, Frank J.; John, Lucille. The effects of a stress management program in a high security government agency. Anxiety, Stress, and Coping 10: 341–350, 1997.

  Employees of a federal government agency randomly assigned to learn the Transcendental Meditation program, in contrast to a corporate stress management program, showed after three months decreased trait anxiety and decreased depression; follow-up measurements three years later indicated decreased trait and state anxiety, decreased depression, and improved self-concept in the group that had learned the Transcendental Meditation program.

  • Self Development: Improved Self-Concept
  • Psychological Health: Decreased Anxiety
  • Psychological Health: Decreased Depression
• 1997· Journal of the National Medical Association· Research Review· Collected Papers Vol. 7
  Barnes, Vernon; Schneider, Robert; Alexander, Charles; and Staggers, Frank. Stress, stress reduction, and hypertension in African Americans: An updated review. Journal of the National Medical Association 89: 464–476, 1997.

  The authors review research on the causes of high levels of hypertension in African Americans, and studies indicating that the Transcendental Meditation technique reduces stress and hypertension.

  • Review Paper—Health: Research Review—Effects of Transcendental Meditation on Behavioral Stress Reduction and Hypertension
• 2005· American Journal of Hypertension· Empirical· Collected Papers Vol. 7
  Schneider, R.H.; Alexander C.N.; Staggers, F.; Orme-Johnson, D.W.; Rainforth, M.; Salerno, J.W.; Sheppard, W.; Castillo-Richmond, A.; Barnes, V.A.; Nidich, S.I. A randomized controlled trial of stress reduction in African Americans treated for hypertension for over one year. American Journal of Hypertension 18: 88–98, 2005.

  Individuals with hypertension who learned the Transcendental Meditation program showed significantly greater reduction of diastolic blood pressure, as well as reduced hypertensive medication, in contrast to muscle relaxation control group and a health education control over a one-year period.

  • Health—Cardiovascular: Decreased Diastolic Blood Pressure
  • Health—Cardiovascular: Decreased Use of Hypertensive Medication
• 2005· Journal of Social Behavior and Personality· Empirical· Collected Papers Vol. 7
  Barnes, Vernon A.; Schneider, Robert H.; Alexander, Charles N.; Rainforth, Maxwell; Salerno, John; and Staggers, Frank. Impact of the Transcendental Meditation program on mortality in older African Americans with hypertension—Eight-year follow-up. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality 17: 201–216, 2005.

  This follow-up study found that elderly individuals with hypertension who were randomly assigned to learn the Transcendental Meditation technique showed significantly reduced mortality due to cardiovascular disease after eight years, in contrast to individuals assigned to a health education control group.

  • Health—Aging: Reduced Mortality Due to Cardiovascular Disease
• 2005· The American Journal of Cardiology· Empirical· Collected Papers Vol. 7
  Schneider, R.H.; Alexander, C.N.; Staggers, F.; Rainforth, M.; Salerno, J.W.; Hartz, A.; Arndt, S.; Barnes, V.A.; and Nidich, S.I. Long-term effects of stress reduction on mortality in persons > or = 55 years of age with systemic hypertension. American Journal of Cardiology 95: 1060–1064, 2005.

  Follow-up data from two randomized controlled trials found that hypertensive individuals over age 55 who began the Transcendental Meditation program displayed lower overall mortality rate and lower cardiovascular mortality rate in comparison to controls receiving other treatments.

  • Health—Aging: Reduced Mortality Due to All Causes
  • Health—Aging: Decreased Cardiovascular Mortality Rate